Body Dysmorphic Disorder :: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Northeastern University sophomore Terri* spends at any rate a couple of moments daily investigating her body in the mirror. â€Å"I have this additional fat on my stomach that I hate,† she stated, crushing her midsection with two hands. Terri is an understandable, dependable, political theory major and human science minor who looks and sounds develop past her years. She is all around regarded by companions and authority figures the same, and she as of late found a center activity at a renowned law office in Boston. This young lady has got herself together. Today, wearing a business-easygoing purple turtleneck, dark peacoat and glasses, this certain, proficient lady focuses to the zone under her jawline. â€Å"I’ve simply saw this,† she stated, running her fingers under her jaw, over an area of her neck that she accepts is perilously verging on a twofold jaw. Like a great many people, she sees the same old thing about her physical concerns. â€Å"Everyone stresses over parts of their appearance,† she said as she dismisses her consideration from the mirror and gets done with getting dressed. Numerous individuals have worries with the manner in which they look, however some have over the top, nonsensical concerns. Like the vast majority, Terri has never known about Body Dysmorphic Disorder. In spite of the fact that Terri’s body concerns may not comprise the confusion, there are individuals among us living with the cryptic, dishonorable truth of BDD. WHAT IS BDD? Barely any individuals have ever known about BDD, yet for all intents and purposes everybody has displayed the qualities of the confusion in its most essential structure: an increased worry with a specific piece of their body that they esteem â€Å"less than perfect,† something that they might want to enhance and in any event, something that they attempt to cover up. Not at all like ordinary appearance concerns, in any case, BDD is set apart by an extraordinary distraction with an envisioned imperfection in appearance. An extreme and weakening mental issue, BDD is portrayed by an over the top obsession with at least one pieces of the body that an individual sees as appalling and unnatural. On the off chance that a slight physical variation from the norm or irregularity exists in a BDD sufferer’s genuineness, their anxiety is exorbitant †even to the point of encountering social withdrawal and self-destructive propensities. Dr. Roberto Olivardia is a clinical therapist at the McLean Hospital in Boston and shows brain science at Harvard Medical School. An authority in BDD and Obsessive-Compulsive issue, when all is said in done, he recognizes that BDD side effects are frequently mixed up as â€Å"normal† fears. â€Å"With BDD there are many, numerous individuals strolling around in the U.S. who have it that you never know have it. For many individuals, you don’t comprehend what it is that you have, however you realize that life isn't normal,† said Dr.

Z for Zachariah Essay Example for Free

Z for Zachariah Essay Endurance, essentially refined is expressed as the reality or condition of proceeding to live or exist, particularly in troublesome circumstances. â€Å"Never, never yield, in anything incredible or little, never give in† is an adage by Sir Winston Churchill that clarifies the genuine parts of the stuff to endure. The accompanying content will clarify and investigate ‘survival’ from different methods and impacts just as look into the similitudes and contrasts between ‘Z for Zachariah’, our class novel of a high school young lady living in a dystopian world and ‘Touching the Void’, an exciting story of two audacious climbers who’s venture gets ugly. ‘Z for Zachariah’ is situated in a post â€apocalyptic timeframe inside the American Midwest. It is set out in a journal section composed by the hero, for this situation a multi year old young lady named Ann Burden. It centers around what she does just to remain alive during the every day occasions she experiences. Using this first individual point of view, you can accept that you are in that spot in the core of the novel. In particular, it empowers you to encounter the life of Ann and what it resembles to live in a period of battle and gloom. Different procedures, for example, flashbacks (a hop in reverse so as to fill in subtleties from an earlier time) and imagery (the utilization of an article or thought to speak to something different by affiliation) help re-instate the underlying arrangement of ‘survival’ depicted in the novel. Contacting the Void’ is a narrative dependent on the genuine story of two mountain climbers moving in the Peruvian Andes where one of the climbers falls and supports a genuine leg injury, making him unfit to continue. This leaves them with a genuine problem of what to never really out alive. All through the narrative an assortment of strategies a re depicted to get the crowd locked in. It is continually returning to the meetings of Joe Simpson and Simon Yates to surrender a vastly improved drawing in air for the crowd. Additionally, using re-sanctioning it gives the sentiment of you really being there and seeing the occasions that occur all through the film. ‘Survival’ is unmistakably appeared in its actual structure in this narrative. Both of these specific writings have contrasts and similitudes between them. Though ‘Z for Zachariah’ is composed in light of numerous topics, for example, ‘good and evil’, ‘hope and despair’ and ‘life and death’ ‘Touching the Void’ is shot with just one, this is ‘survival sense ‘. This just expressed is the thing that happens when you are placed in a high weight circumstance with no clear method of etting out. Likewise, where the novel is a fiction story, the narrative occurred in the ever present world wherein we live, making it a progressively practical and more clear the perspective. Despite the fact that there are relatively few likenesses shared between the two writings, there is one key component the two of them have and that is the part of ‘Lone Survival’. This is the thing that makes these accounts of endurance what they are and why they are genuinely incredible. The capacity to think when you are without anyone else is very troublesome, particularly when the idea of death is as a primary concern. Be that as it may, in both of these writings the heroes can recover their emphasis and carry on solid to complete alive toward the finish of the excursion. Both ‘Z for Zachariah’ and ‘Touching the Void’ have exceptionally various thoughts of how endurance can shift in various manners, just as change the individuals associated with the occasion for the remainder of their lives. These are incredible instances of endurance at their best, and In the end Life is the battle for endurance, wherein the most grounded successes, and as Winston Churchill once said â€Å"Never, never surrender, in anything extraordinary or little, never give in†.

Experience self awareness Free Essays

Besides I can guarantee you my administration will be of advantage positively anticipate hearing back from you soon. Kathy needed adequate enthusiastic knowledge to be successful in her new task supervisor task without anyone else mindfulness: Kathy had a profound comprehension of her quality not her shortcoming to have the opportunity to converse with her staff. There was additionally absence of sympathy as she neglected to have the â€Å"ability to perceive the sentiments and desires for other people and bring them into consideration† as they were likewise nearby occupants. We will compose a custom article test on Experience mindfulness or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Poor relationship with the staff came about to â€Å"a battle of inactive protection from her leadership†. 2. The component she display effectively were: Motivation: despite the fact that the undertaking turned out to be immediately stalled because of horrible showing she despite everything figured out how to persuade herself and â€Å"pushed her group hard†. Additionally by settling objectives for staff and senior individuals from the venture to â€Å"work long hours† to achieve significant achievements so as to finish the task. B. Primary techniques for correspondence include: Verbal correspondence either through sound, work or addressing different individuals from the venture or recorded clasps of the senior individuals. Additionally Written correspondence either messaging or letters with the utilization of PCs and web for messages. What's more visual correspondence through diagrams from exceed expectations or video cuts on YouTube or TV along these lines adding to the IT and applications. C. 5 Traits of passionate insight me: Self mindfulness: In secondary school was given an introduction on Kidneys, a delicate point figured out how to believe my instinct assumed responsibility for my feelings as that was my shortcoming. Self guideline: one of my cousins utilized my pack without soliciting, I needed to hink of how I was going to converse with them as opposed to battling. Inspiration: When given at least 2 assignments during school treated myself in the event that I completed a day prior to the cutoff time the days expanded as the year advanced. Sympathy: when my companion lost her Job I had Just found a new Line of work I helped her with a portion of her bills as I had been in a comparable circumstance previously. Social abilities: I figured out how to manufacture a decent connection with my new coworkers just as keeping up one with my loved ones. experience mindfulness By naume2 The most effective method to refer to Experience mindfulness, Papers

Significance of Objects in the Dolls House Essay Example for Free

Importance of Objects in the Dolls House Essay Macaroons: nora ! Nora! It would be ideal if you don’t leave me and go†¦ for what reason did she leave me half eaten? what will occur of me now!! Torvald hates me, he was consistently against Nora eating me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦why did it need to be me? Dress: everyone revered and adulated Nora when she wore me†¦ however too bad! What was the utilization of all my excellence and delicacy when at long last she disregarded me all. For what reason would i say i was given so much significance if she somehow happened to pick her conventional garments over me toward the end? Letter: precisely! Is it safe to say that we were simply trimmings to embellish the environmental factors? Christmas tree: gee currently even im thinking about whether my motivation in the house was of minor design. Indeed, even in this merry season will I be disregarded in this disheveled state to shrink away in not many days? Light: yes! Indeed! Is it true that we were simply used to upgrade the magnificence of this family unit? I thought I heard a few voices yet I didn’t realize it would be every one of you. On the off chance that all of you are feeling that you’ll have no job in the play let me disclose to you my perspectives on why you objects of the doll’s house were of prime significance in giving a more profound importance behind the activities of the characters. I will do this introduction dependent on the Henrik Ibsen’s The Doll’s House. According to the lines of the story, the dramatist has stressed enormously on the numerous items that encompass the characters in the play. I will expand on the imagery of the criticalness of the items referenced in the play. The articles mean different feelings yet generally, Ibsen utilizes items to demonstrate Noras gloom brought about by her unjustifiable marriage; unexpectedly, the generalization of Nora by her significant other and her exploitation in the public arena. he author permits the perusers the opportunity to decipher the family protests abstractly which provokes the peruser to scrutinize the degree to which the family questions identify with the subject of marriage. At first, Ibsen places huge importance on various items in the family, and stresses the bearings for the setting of the stage. Ibsen makes his stage sets wake up and make part in the move. Similarly as Nora advances from the smaller than expected Nora of act one to the super-Nora of act three, comparably the arrangement of the play experiences an extraordinary development, from light to haziness, from heaven to jail until, before the finish of the play, it has been morally crushed. One could envision the doll house set, when Nora pummels the entryway, falling like a place of cards, to the aggregate heave of alleviation from the crowd. Taking a gander at the set we see, that Ibsen utilizes a set of three, a room . two entryways in the back divider, the entryway on the left prompts Torvald’s study, and is opened and shut just when he picks. It speaks to the sanctum sanctorum of male strength and dynamic power and security and his imperceptible nearness behind that entryway is felt god like. At whatever point he rises up out of this entryway, it is consistently on his own terms, to direct and control occasions. The entryway to one side in the back divider prompts the outside world. Just harmed individuals get through this entryway: Christine, Rank, Krogstad, every one of whom have been differently harmed by the world outside. So this entryway speaks to the threatening truth of the outside world, its capacity to hurt yet in addition, its capacity to compel to constrain one to grow up, to quit being a doll. There is another entryway, which prompts the nursery and room. This is the universe of sexual dream, of Nora performing adolescent jobs of squirrel, songbird and others to keep Torvald beguiled by her honesty. Here, one can plainly observe that Ibsen draws an obvious line between the sorts of articles he picks. As the tones of the play become increasingly genuine, the settings become bolder thus do the shades of Nora’s character. On a superficial level, the play doesn't show these subtleties however it is just when the peruser digs further does he comprehend the tremendous imagery, all things considered, Nora anyway is not really honest. This can be seen when Nora lies about the bundle of macaroons twice, once to Helmer and the second time to Dr Rank. The macaroons indicate Noras deceitfulness and misleading, which additionally insinuates her demonstration of submitting questionable, mischievous deeds. Nora resorts to lying about eating the macaroons since she believes she is to blame for defying her better half. This little occurrence additionally shows the strains in their conjugal relationship. Additionally the macaroons show us the primary look at Nora’s want for freedom. To a degree the Christmas tree with which the play starts is a portrayal of Nora’s character. Much the same as the tree is an object of enhancement controlled by someone so as to embellish a spot comparably Nora was the prized ownership of Helmer. She was no not exactly a simple item, a demonstrate piece intended to be appreciated and adulated. It is intriguing to take note of that Nora orders the attendant, Hide the Christmas Tree cautiously, Helen. Be certain the kids don't see it till tonight, when it is dressed†, she likewise tells Torvald, Yes, no one is to get an opportunity to of appreciating me n my dress until tomorrow†. These lines show the likeness among Nora and the Christmas tree. Both are not uncovered until each look great. Also, as the play continues it becomes evident that the tree and Nora are one in the equivalent. At the point when the subsequent demonstration opens the Christmas tree is portrayed to be, deprived of its decorations and with copied down flame finishes on its rumpled branches. This compares to Nora’s condition by then in the play. Like the tree Nora too was in a tousled perspective. She was on edge and befuddled. â€Å"Corrupt me children†¦poison my home? It’s false! It would never be valid! Furthermore, â€Å"somebody’s coming! No, it’s no one. † Support my case that Nora’s mental state was in contrast with the Christmas tree comparable. Likewise the tousled condition of the tree could be representative of the breaking down of Nora’s web of falsehoods. The quite, honest, uncorrupt ways, in which Nora used to veil her deceitfulness, her double dealing would before long be revealed before Helmer and the terrible truth would develop. he extravagant dress that Nora would wear for the extravagant dress fruition from multiple points of view represents the character she plays in her union with Helmer. The torn and wrecked state of her extravagant dress is corresponding to her disappointed condition. Likewise her marriage is on the rocks and her musings are totally adjusted on how she could forestall Helmer from knowing r eality since she knows very well that Helmer will never acknowledge what she had done. In this way the torn state of the dress could be emblematic of the imperfect state of their marriage. Additionally it is fascinating to take note of that Nora says that Torvald detests seeing dressmaking, proposing that Torvald appreciates the bogus character that Nora has embraced. â€Å"oh just in the event that I could tear them up into a thousand pieces. † shouts Nora, on observing the state of the dress. This is another sign demonstrating Nora’s want for freedom Independence from the grasp of her better half and from the standards and states of the general public. Additionally the dress features another point. Mrs linde who not at all like Nora who thinks simply like the dress her marriage is past repair,is progressively adult proposes the fixing of the dress which is emblematic of the way that later in the play it is Mrs Linde who concludes that Torvald ought to learn of Nora’s privileged insights and that it would be valuable for their marriage. Likewise toward the finish of act 3 when Nora evacuates her extravagant dress and changes into her casuals and she says â€Å"yes torvald ive changed† this change she implied was not of just her garments yet additionally an adjustment as a part of her character. The evacuation of her dress mplies the exposing of her affectation and encountering her better half as an individual just because. Changing of the dress is additionally huge of Nora’s want for opportunity from the snare of untruths that she had been turning and from the imprisonment of her better half. It is another sign giving her craving for opportunity from the doll’s house and to carry on with her life on her own terms. The letter from Krogstad in the letter box shapes the essence of the play. Nora’s enthusiastic turns of events and changes, her uneasiness, her marriage all rotates around the letter box and the letter. The letter from krogstad is emblematic of Nora’s covering and double dealing. It exposes her mystery and falsehoods that she escapes her significant other and furthermore reveals her camouflage of the infantile perfect spouse. In this way driving her to at last pummel the entryway and turning into a radical of sorts. Likewise the letter represents disclosure such that simply in the wake of perusing the letter it is that Torvald acknowledges and comprehends the wants of his significant other. It is simply in the wake of perusing the letter that he comes out of his inventive perfect world and countenances the brutal truth. Along these lines the letter was an eye opener for Torvald, it gave him where his marriage stands. â€Å"helene, get the light please† said Nora when Dr rank admitted his adoration for her. In this way when the light is brought the room gets lit up. This light is representative of Nora’s condition of mindfulness. Prior Nora attempts to bait and manupilate Dr Rank yet when he admits his adoration for her she goes into a condition of stun and that’s when the beams of light saturate the room showing Nora’s condition of mindfulness. Likewise the light could mean profound recovery. This is on the grounds that murkiness is related with abhorrent and unethical exercises. What's more, Dr rank admitted his affection for his best friend’s spouse which is an unethical demonstration. in this manner the dash of light which the light purchased in, additionally purchased with it a feeling of uprightness. That is when Nora shouts â€Å"Dr. Rank! Don’t you feel embarrassed about yourself, presently the lamp’s been purchased in? † Therefore, utilizing different obj

Electronic Health Records Essay Example for Free

Electronic Health Records Essay Presentation Electronic wellbeing records (otherwise called ‘e-notes’) have normally supplanted the regular paper records utilized in clinical offices. This conversation depicts how electronic wellbeing records have given an answer for a scope of medicinal services methods, have offered cost reserve funds and advantages, and still have more prominent potential for development through future endeavors. Generally speaking, this conversation reports the advancement and requests for additional comfort concerning electronic wellbeing records, introducing ideas, measurements, and ongoing investigations distributed by experts on the subject. Through this, it is obvious that electronic wellbeing notes despite everything have weaknesses that are ordinarily noted and focused on, however as they have tackled a lot more issues intrinsic in past frameworks, they are the perfect way for advancement and improvement here. Electronic Health Records Since the advancement of electronic wellbeing records, human services administrators have had the option to arrive at various answers for past issues in their frameworks; this has included improved abilities to record and store the clinical and segment data patients, the ability to watch or deal with the aftereffects of lab tests, the ability to give solutions, improved simplicity of overseeing charging information, and improved help of investigation for clinical choices. These upgrades uncover the idea of difficulties and requests pertinent to activities utilizing the past type of records (paper), with electronic wellbeing records being generously increasingly composed, advantageous, and sensible. As indicated by Al-Ubaydli (70), the utilization of paper records â€Å"had a few ramifications. From one perspective, composing on paper quick and simple, so it fits well with clinical work process. Then again, notes are just helpful to the individual who understands them, no to the person who keeps in touch with them. When composing, speed and quickness are basic as there are in every case more patients to visit and care for. In any case, for the peruser, speed implies indecipherable penmanship and curtness implies deficient notes. This leads clinicians to ask patients inquiries to which the appropriate responses as of now exist in the notes† (Al-Ubaydli 70). In addition, as the creator called attention to, paper is progressively hard to move or duplicate, prompting it at last getting most effortless to keep the records kept to one focal spot. With this, they can't move as effectively as the patient, and the task of duplicating would in general outcome in the patients being without a total arrangement of effectively available records. Then, there are considerable space a nd cost necessities related with putting away paper records. The advancement of PC equipment, programming, and improved information stockpiling procedures inevitably prompted the advancement of productive and compelling programming fit for putting away patient information in secure databases, further permitting all information to be put away in a size-proficient way that could likewise be effectively transmitted. With the advancement of the web, understanding documents could even be put away and transmitted internet, giving a perfect reinforcement to databases while improving the limit with regards to patients to have total record sets sent to a scope of offices. The general inspiration for making these electronic wellbeing records was to address the issues characteristic in the paper records, with the most advantageous perspective being the financially savvy nature of capacity and transmission; the nature of this being a practically free expense and about momentary transmission made the longing and changes particularly critical. In addition, electronic wellbeing records would permit clients to improve the limit with respect to clients to list, sort, and search through records quicker than the time requested to figure out the paper documents physically (Al-Ubaydli 70). An extra advantage is the diminished potential for indecipherable notes, as the idea of the frameworks implies that all information is entered in utilizing clear electronic content characters. As referenced, like the idea of requests and issues obvious in the paper records, there are currently requests for improving parts of the electronic records. Notwithstanding, these issues can be tended to through improved association, programming, and different implies that doesn't request an extreme change in mediums, as was required to address the issues of the paper records. Al-Ubaydli (71) announced that electronic wellbeing records â€Å"must incorporate governing rules to review and control get to. Second, the UIs for adding to the records must get simpler to that they fit better into clinical work process and permit clinicians to accomplish more in less time. Discourse acknowledgment keeps on improving, and the architects of layouts keep on innovate.† The creator further calls attention to that like the improved web crawlers of the web (first testing and afterward radically improved with advancements like Google), electronic wellbeing records can be likewise improved without rebuilding practically identical to rebuilding paper records. Different scientists have investigated the idea of electronic wellbeing records, further expounding on the idea of arrangements and remaining requests. DeVoe et al. (351) called attention to that the reasonable and itemized recording of all got and suggested administrations ought to be viewed as the most indispensable part of wellbeing records, which is most viably tended to through electronic records as opposed to paper records. This further helps with protection viewpoints, as the itemized and exact parts of recording administrations can improve coordination with claims and related requests. DeVoe et al. (352) further affirmed that electronic wellbeing records can possibly help specialists and arrangement creators with defeating earlier limitations in looking at administrations gave in CHCs. In the interim, Hoffman and Podgurski (425) covered the development of social insurance and pharmaceutical costs, recurrence of pointless clinical techniques, evoked human services changes, and basic jobs of records in these procedures. With this, relative viability look into (CER) has normally been combined with electronic wellbeing records to show that numerous costly techniques have had less alluring results for equivalent conditions that more affordable ones, bringing up the idea of some social insurance offices and doctors. In the interim, in any case, some have contended that CER is probably going to prompt constrained patient decisions, inappropriate proportioning of human services, homogenized consideration, and conceivably refusal of required medications (Hoffman and Podgurski 425). Congress dispensed $1.1 billion to CER through the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act, which included different parts of improving and rebuilding offices. Before long it became clear that a one of a kind use of CER could permit doctors to improve their choices in regards to treatment, as when combined with electronic wellbeing records, doctors could lead PC requests over an enormous database of patient records. Normally, this would give a significant enhancement to the patient’s history and writing. Hoffman and Podgurski (425) prescribed that product be intended to sum up discoveries of questions by introducing the most significant results of patients with the most similar conditions, while records be created and put away in a way which encourages this. Accordingly, customized correlation of treatment adequacy or PCTE could turn into an expression more typical than CER later on. End Electronic social insurance records have tackled a large number of the issues that couldn't be adequately tended to through advancements in the paper frameworks, with significant upgrades in the ability to duplicate and move records, cost of capacity, and clearness of data. In spite of the fact that this has prompted suggestions for security and over the top replicating, databases have been created to improve the worries in these zones. Besides, specialists have proposed extra enhancements being developed just as use, with records having the capacity to fill in as a casual available databank, in this way improving comprehension and dynamic. Works Cited Al-Ubaydli, Mohammad. Individual Health Records: A Guide for Clinicians. John Wiley Sons: New York, NY, 2011. DeVoe, Jennifer, Rachel Gold, Patti McIntire, Jon Puro, and Susan Chauvie. â€Å"Electronic Health Records versus Medicaid Claims: Completeness of Diabetes Preventive Care Data in Community Health Centers.† Annals of Family Medicine 9.4 (2011): 351-358. Hoffman, Sharona and Andy Podgurski. â€Å"Improving Health Care Outcomes through Personalized Comparisons of Treatment Effectiveness Based on Electronic Health Records.† Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics 39.3 (2011): 425-436.

Critically analyse the direct, indirect and induced economic impact of the Rugby World Cup 2015 for England - Free Essay Example

Introduction Despite widespread publication of a positive economic impact resulting from the Rugby World Cup in 2015, issues such as overspending, forecasting accuracy, and the focus of the reporting itself, suggests there are also factors which may materially reduce the overall impact. Because of this, it is possible the widely publicised outlook for this event is overly optimistic. This report will critically analyse the direct, indirect and induced economic impact of the Rugby World Cup 2015 for England. Beginning with a summary of the economic impact, issues will then be examined with reference to the stated impacts, relevant literature, and comparable events around the world such as previous Rugby World Cups. The analysis concludes that the economic impact of the 2015 Rugby World Cup, while sizeable, may not be as significant as predicted. Summary of Economic Impacts A report by Ernst Young forecasts a number of economic benefits to the 2015 Rugby World Cup, including over $2 million in economic output, and a direct boost to GDP of $463 million (Arnold and Grice, 2015; summarised in Table 1). Media promoting these benefits is widespread, with the Ernst Young report often cited to describe and support the positive impacts of the 2015 Rugby World Cup. The many media examples include Bergson (2015), Menary (2015), and Wilson (2015). Due to the credibility of the financial services firm Ernst Young (Aubin, 2012), as well as the wide-spread publication of these results, the economic impact by Arnold and Grice (2015) will be used as the basis for this analysis, as summarised in Table 1. Contribution Type Impact Category Impact Source Amount (millions) Output Direct Visitor spend Ticket revenue (international) Infrastructure investment Fanzone spend Stadia spend $869 $68 $85 $5 $13 Indirect and induced $1,165 GDP Direct Visitor spend Ticket revenue (international) Infrastructure investment Fanzone spend Stadia contribution $391 $29 $35 $2 $6 Indirect and induced $518 Table 1. Summarised from Arnold and Grice (2015, pp18-20) For the purpose of this analysis, direct impact is considered to be initial spending stimulus arising from the event, including infrastructure expenditure and ticket revenue. Indirect economic impacts result from transactions that occur as a result of the initial spending, such as additional tourism expenditure in other areas. Induced impacts are the result of increased consumer spending due to higher income, such as greater support for sports and health overall. These definitions are outlined by Saayman and Saayman (2012, p223) and are consistent with the examples provided in the report by Arnold and Grice (2015). Support and improvements for the Forecasted Economic Impact Financial Stimulus The publicity of a major sporting event is said to improve the local brand overall, resulting in additional foreign investment, including business and tourism. While arguably temporary, this publicity can stimulate activity during a time of economic slowdown, which in turn creates indirect economic impacts such as increased demand for manufacturing, and induced effects such as higher overall employment, in particular in the hospitality industry (Arnold and Grice, 2015; Statistics New Zealand, 2012). While purely financial transactions are not included as part of GDP increases (McConnell et. al, 2010), some GDP growth may occur on the back of a strong financial market, driven by the Rugby World Cup. Increased publicity for the host country, coupled with high consumer excitement and mass sponsorship exposure may explain why share prices tend to improve during mass sporting events. For example, during the 2013 Wimbledon, the 10 largest listed companies in Scotland experienced a 7.5% increase in share price, while the FTSE100 increased by 5.1% (Thanapathy, 2015). In addition, the first trading week following the announcement of a significant sponsorship agreement saw sponsoring companies in the U.S.A. experience significant share price gains (Harrow and Swatek, 2011). While not mentioned in the report by Arnold and Grice (2015), an induced economic impact to the Rugby World Cup may be increasing investment in additional goods and services, as business confidence increases due to the strong financial market. The Multiplier Effect and Social Good An additional contributor to GDP and output is the result of the multiplier effect, that is, the increase in investment bringing about a disproportionate increase in GDP via spending and re-spending (Saayman and Saayman, 2012; McConnell et. al, 2010). The multiplier effect during an event such as the Rugby World Cup is likely to be significant, not only through increased consumer and business spending, but in areas such as an increased interest in sports, which in turn encourages a higher focus on public health overall. The social benefits of large sporting events are evident in the Comrades Marathon, where induced economic impacts included the benefits of increased income and spending reaching the poor. Saayman and Saayman (2012) note that their findings regarding the social benefits of the Comrades Marathon are consistent with broader literature, which also finds the economic impact of large scale sporting events reaches both rich and poor. Thus the direct impact of increased output and income generated by the Rugby World Cup is likely to increase GDP more than the initial investment, creating indirect and induced impacts via the multiplier effect. Including both Domestic and International spend When measuring economic impact, Arnold and Grice (2015) exclude domestic spend on sporting events because, it is argued, this money would remain in the economy regardless, being spent elsewhere if not on the Rugby World Cup. However, domestic spend may also be relevant as this recreational income could easily be spent in a different economy, were it not for this event (Saayman and Saayman, 2012). Given the proximity of England to European destinations, and the cultural relevance of Soccer in England and Europe (Gibbons, 2014), it is likely that English income would be spent in other countries if the Rugby World Cup was held elsewhere either to another destination for a holiday, or to the country hosting the World Cup. During the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand, the second most popular tourist origin was direct from the U.K.; a significant number of additional sports tourists from the U.K. arrived via Australia (Statistics New Zealand, 2011). Thus both domestic and internati onal expenditure on the Rugby World Cup 2015 is significant. Amending visitor and ticket revenue, and revenue derived from food and beverages, to include domestic consumers may be more accurate than focusing solely on additional international income. New Zealand, for example, note an increase in domestic household spending during the Rugby World Cup 2011, driven primarily by food and beverage, in addition to international spend (Statistics New Zealand, 2011). Similar to the Canadian analysis of Sports Tourism, domestic income may be included on a separate line for clarity and completeness (The Outspan Group Inc, 2009). While this may serve to increase forecasted output by increasing overall predicted spend, as discussed under Forecasting Ticket Sales, it is also possible that international spend reduces the economic impact of domestic expenditure in some areas, as the two may net each other out. Limitations and Challenges to the Forecasted Economic Impact The tendency to over-estimate Historically, the economic impacts of sporting events have been overestimated by host countries (Leeds and Von Allmen, 2008; Horrow and Swatek, 2011). For example, the economic impact of the 2002 World Cup fell significantly short of the estimated $31 billion (Leeds and Von Allmen, 2008). While GDP and consumption was affected during the 2011 Rugby World Cup, New Zealand reports that it did not contribute to the New Zealand economy, as measured in the BoP and national accounts (Statistics New Zealand, 2011). The Super Bowl XL publicised an economic impact of $300million on the back of sports tourism exceeding expectations, however figures later released by the Michigan Department of Treasury suggest the actual economic impact was negligible (Horrow and Swatek, 2011). It is thus highly possible that the economic impact for England has been similarly over-estimated. Economic Impact Intention As a general rule, economic impact reports measure total, as opposed to net, activity or income (Saayman and Saayman, 2012), and for this reason may appear overly positive compared to more balanced analyses, such as cost-benefit, where expenditure as well as income is considered. While economic impact is sometimes defined as net benefit (Crompton, 2006 in Saayman and Saayman, 2012), the more widely accepted definition is monetary payments as they move through a regional economy for the purpose of measuring the impact of an event as it relates to that economy (Tyrrrell and Johnston, 2006, p3). While omitting additional costs is technically correct, it can seem misleading in journal articles written for the general public, who may be unaware of these definitions. The article by Menary (2015), for example, presents an unrealistically optimistic view of the financial viability of the Rugby World Cup, as the public is only made aware of gains. Direct economic impacts, such as the $68 million in ticket revenue noted in the report by Arnold and Grice (2015) may return a far lower figure once additional costs such as administration have been taken into account. It is possible that GDP and output will increase by the stated amounts, however for a complete picture, more than the standard economic impact should be considered. Forecasting: Ticket Sales as Incremental Income It is possible that locals would attend the Rugby World Cup in place of tourists, were it not for the influx of football fans (Leeds and Von Allmen, 2008, p233) a possibility that nets out the impact of international spend on tickets to some degree, since the international income is replacing local income not adding to it. Further understanding local activity the propensity to travel and attend local events is therefore vital in understanding the true economic impact of international spending during the Rugby World Cup in 2015. As noted by Saayman and Saayman (2012, p232): in order to increase the economic benefit of the event, expanding both these markets might be worthwhile. Further, one way Arnold and Grice (2015, p8) forecast ticket revenue and consumer interest is by measuring the historic percentage of seats filled during World Cup Events. While these percentages have hovered around 95% for the past two events, it is not known how many of these tickets were paid for, g iven away, or scalped. In the 2000 Olympics, for example, questions were raised regarding the distribution of tickets to sponsors and hospitality companies, while in the 2012 Summer Olympics, London began distributing free tickets to fill stadiums during events (Freid et. al., 2013). Predicting public interest is not as simple as measuring seats filled, and it is possible that increased output as a result of tickets sales is overstated. Timeframe: Impact of one-off vs repetitive events A number of impact drivers for the 2015 Rugby World Cup are short-term, which may help explain why the estimated benefits, in particular the induced benefits and assumptions regarding the multiplier effect, may be overstated. While regular, local events use existing infrastructure, require lower levels of investment, and have ongoing effects (Higham in Ritchie and Adair, 2004, p135), it is possible that larger events experience more temporary economic impacts, as the related investment is for a unique, rather than an ongoing, event. In Japan, for example, Saitama currently spends nearly $4 million per year maintaining a stadium built to host the 2002 Rugby World Cup, despite the venue now only drawing around 20,000 spectators for local sporting events (Leeds and Von Allmen, 2008). In the U.S.A., an abundance of abandoned and crumbling sports places exist, many less than 20 years old (Horrow and Swatek, 2011, p3). As noted above under The Tendency to Overestimate, New Zealand exp erienced increased economic activity during the Rugby World Cup in 2011; however the long term impact was not as significant (Statistics New Zealand, 2011). When measuring the economic impact in England, Arnold and Grice (2015, p11) refer to an induced economic impact of further investment on the back of a lasting legacy for the sport. In addition, infrastructure investment is listed as the second most influential direct economic impact. However, given the results in New Zealand, the U.S.A., Japan and Korea, and the nature of large, relatively infrequent sporting events, it is possible these benefits have been overstated, particularly in the long term. Conclusion In conclusion, it is likely the economic impact of the 2015 Rugby World Cup, as outlined by Arnold and Grice (2015), is a good overview. Increased economic activity leads to direct impacts including increased output and GDP driven by higher foreign and corporate investment, such as sports tourism and corporate branding respectively. Indirect impacts include high intermediary activity, including increases in the hospitality industry and spend on food and beverages, while induced benefits are as far reaching as social support driven by higher consumer income and the multiplier effect. While these impacts are positive, it is believed the magnitude of the results have been exaggerated, due to limitations including the tendency of host countries to overestimate the impact of sporting events, and the temporary effects of short-term events even those as large as the Rugby World Cup. Further, due to the scope of an economic impact statement, many costs have gone unmentioned, creating a disproportionate impression of gains and optimism. References Aubin, D., 2012, Ernsts revenues rise 6.7 percent on advisory growth, Reuters, Available through https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/01/us-ernst-revenues-idUSBRE8901GS20121001 Bergson, Z. 2015, Sports and Money: Economic Impact of the Rugby World Cup, National Centre for Business Journalism, Sept 14 2015, Available through https://businessjournalism.org/2015/09/sports-and-money-economic-impact-of-the-rugby-world-cup Arnold, P. and Grice, M., 2015, The Economic Impact of the Rugby World Cup 2015, Ernst Young, Available through https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-rugby-world-cup-final-report/$FILE/EY-rugby-world-cup-final-report.pdf Freid, G., DeSchriver, T. and Mondello, M., 2013, Sports Finance, 3rd Ed., U.S.A.: Human Kinetics Harrow. R, and Swatek, K., 2011, Beyond the Scoreboard, U.S.A.: Human Kinetics Gibbons, T., 2014, English National Identity and Football Fan Culture, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Leeds, M. and Von Allmen, P., 2008, The Econo mics of Sports, 3rd ed., Boston: Pearson McConnell, C, Brue, S, Flynn, S. and Barbiero, T., 2010, Macroeconomics, 12th ed., Canada: McGraw Hill Ryerson Menary, S. 2015, Rugby to prove lucrative game as World Cup kicks off, The National: Business, Sept 17 2015, Available through https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/rugby-to-prove-lucrative-game-as-world-cup-kicks-off Outspan Group Inc, The., 2009, The Economic Impacts of Cultural and Sport Tourism in Canada 2007, Amherst Island: The Outspan Group Inc. Ritchie, B. and Adair D. (eds)., 2004, Sport Tourism: Interrelationships, Impacts and Issues, U.K.: Channel View Publications Saayman, M. and Saayman, A., 2012, The Economic Impact of the Comrades Marathon, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol3 (3), 05 Oct 2012, pp220-235 Statistics New Zealand, 2011, Impact of the Rugby World Cup in New Zealands macro-economic statistics, Statistics New Zealand, Available through https://www.stats.govt.nz /browse_for_stats/economic_indicators/NationalAccounts/impact-of-rugby-world-cup.aspx Thanapathy, S. 2015, Off the Pitch: The winners and losers of the Rugby World cup, Australian Times: Sport, 25 Sept 2015, Available through https://www.australiantimes.co.uk/off-the-pitch-the-winners-and-losers-of-the-rugby-world-cup Tyrrell, J. and Johnston, R., 2006, The Economic Impact of Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 45, Aug 1 2006, Available through Deep Dyve at https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/sage/the-economic-impacts-of-tourism-a-special-issue-RCkCF7L8ja?articleList=%2F Wilson, B. 2015, Rugby World Cup a global game changer, says RFUs Ritchie, BBC News: Business, 24 Sept 2015, Available through https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34130763

Life, Death, and Laws of Life Essay Topics

Life, Death, and Laws of Life Essay Topics An individual can also spend the advantage of visualization of information by using charts prepared by Excel on the grounds of input data. On the flip side, while it's Legos or Life, a comprehensive teardown and rebuild isn't always essential. As with any other spreadsheet program, additionally, it employs an assortment of cells that are organized in the types of rows and columns. Hire us and forget about all of the legal jargon and grammar rules that you want to follow in making a brilliant law essay. Rules are instructions a guide to assist you accomplish something. You also may be interested in business law essay topics. The company law for a subject can be classified among the toughest types of essay writing ever handled in the current education curriculum. Finding Laws of Life Essay Topics on the Web If you are attempting to increase your writing by yourself, without asking someone write my law essay for me, there is very little you're able to do. If something goes wrong, there is not anything that may block you from getting your money back. Regardless of what time it was. There are those inevitable times however that the ideal lawyer and the very best run of luck are just inadequate to get you from a criminal conviction. Very good luck to it and in case you have questions, comments, suggestions or would just like to inform me I suck then don't hesitate to send me a message. By means of this essay on law, you can offer the reader an exhaustive analysis of a specific subject with the assistance of the evidences. Our company has a distinctive button where it directs the user to the sort of law essay topic an individual might wish to read. In order to discover an impressive argumentative essay topic you should receive acquainted with elements of the subject issue. Since there is usually a counter argument for every single act inside this time, it wouldn't be as complicated to find a strong outline and finish to your paper. You should also pick a debate you know you can win! The point is that you could take your law of life essay topics only when you're fully happy with the content. The point of forced time is to create your competition and rivals hurry to create mistakes. Up in Arms About Laws of Life Essay Topics? For this reason, you cannot write an ideal law essays without developing the analyzing skills so that it is possible to understand what the huge picture is and what's the instructor expecting from you. There are a few awesome individuals changing the world through rule-breaking ideas today. These young men I would like to use to set example are people who always want any girl that pass their way. A complete illustration of forcing time in today's era. With a little zeal and hard work, you are certain to think of an impressive unlawful justice essay. Becoming in a position to compose a strong argument can help you succeed in society. A one sided conclusion-the goal of this paper is to demonstrate the strength of your viewpoint. What's required is a truly simple, overarching perspective. It is the job of everyone to understand the Law guiding his society in spite of the course studied by the individual. One of the greatest strategies to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. An individual who is not a parent can obviously not exercise those distinctive rights. The Nuiances of Laws of Life Essay Topics Law Essay Profy can help you. Rules aren't static they evolve. Private Law really isn't the very same with public Law. In the same manner, Constitutions Law isn't the exact same with criminal Law, though they're all Law.

An Introduction to Using Gerunds Examples and Prepositions

A gerund is  a verb  that typically functions as a noun  or as the direct object of another verb. Generally speaking,  creating a gerund  is as easy as adding ing to the base form of the verb. There are some exceptions, however.   For one-syllable verbs ending with a consonant: Double the final consonant before adding ing. For example: dig/digging,   put/putting, plan/planning. For words longer than one syllable, there is usually no need to double the final consonant. (Exception: begin - beginning).For verbs ending in e: Drop the vowel before add ing. For example: write/writing, take/taking, bake/baking.For verbs ending in ie: Replace the vowels with y before adding ing. For example: die/dying, lie/lying. Subject When acting as a noun, a gerund often is at the  beginning of a sentence. For example: Playing tennis takes lots of physical and mental skill. Going to church is an important part of many peoples lives. Thinking about vacation makes me happy! Object of a Verb Many verbs often combine with a second verb in the gerund form. The second verb in the gerund is the object of the verb. Mary enjoys watching TV late at night. Alan admits cheating on the last test. Susan imagines having children later in her life. There are  many verbs  that are always followed by the gerund form. Here are some of the most important: admitadviseavoidconsiderdelaydenydiscussenjoyfinishkeeppostponerecommendregretrisksuggesttolerate Phrasal Verbs Gerunds are used with  phrasal verbs  that end in prepositions. Phrasal verbs are verb phrases which are made up of two or more words, generally the verb plus one or two prepositions. Here are some of the most common: bring aboutcall offcheck intocut outfigure outget overlook intoput offtake over Examples: The coach called off practicing for the day. Tom looked into finding a new job. She took a long time to get over losing her dog. Adjectives Gerunds also follow common  adjective/preposition  combinations. Remember that prepositions are always followed by the gerund form. Here are some of the most common: accustomed toafraid ofbored withconcerned aboutconvinced ofdedicated todisappointed inexposed tofilled withguilty ofinnocent ofinterested inknown forproud ofremembered forscared oftired ofupset withworried about Examples: Shes interested in taking French lessons. The man was found guilty of committing the crime. Tom is proud of donating his free time to the charity. Object of a Preposition When followed by a verb, prepositions always take the gerund form. Here are some examples: Peter arrived at work after fighting the morning rush hour traffic. Are you able to remember all the facts without googling them? She thinks Mary is against buying a new house. Remember that  prepositions are often the last word in phrasal verbs. For example: Tim thought about buying a new car. We are going to look into renting an apartment in Hawaii next summer. I look forward to seeing you soon. Subject Complement Subject complements are used to define the subject with linking verbs such as be, seem and become. Here are some examples: Her biggest wish in life is traveling around the world. My intention is making sure you understand the gerund. Her questions seem to wait for answers. Negative Gerunds Making a gerund negative is easy. Just add not before the gerund. Here are examples of each type of gerund use using the gerund in the negative form. Not wanting anything in life can make you very happy. Alison enjoys not eating fatty food, and shes lost a lot of weight. I look forward to not working on my vacation. A Word of Caution The  gerund is often confused with the present participle. Thats because the gerund looks exactly like the present participle; they both are formed by adding ing to the verb. Look at how the word is being used in the sentence; if its functioning as a noun, its a gerund.   Present Continuous Verb: Were waiting for the bus.Gerund as Subject: Waiting for the bus is boring.Present Perfect Verb: I have been working on the project for two years.Gerund as Object of Preposition: I look forward to working on the project.

Conflict Scenario Paper - 1174 Words

Confilct Scenario paper Conflicts are more common than not in this day and age. You can have a conflict in a work or school environment over anything. In order to fix most conflicts there has to be an open communication. Lack of communication can cause more problems than fix them. Since Greg does not want to talk to me, I’ll start by sending him an email stating that I did not understand what I did wrong. I would like him to email me back to let me know what was going on. Then if I did not receive an email from Greg, I would then try him by phone and leave a message if he did not answer my call. If he did not answer that message, then I would try and talk to him in person again. In person I would start off by saying, â€Å"I know†¦show more content†¦For the best results, a set of rules must be held, although not universal, they can be said to be the driving force behind having a positive working relationship with fellow employees or having one that can be said to be barely held togeth er by the thinnest of tape. Simple conflict control can be the first in any set of rules in keeping problems between a team down to a minimum. Problems seem to get out of control between co-workers because they have been allowed to fester and grow and soon the situation is totally out control. When a problem arises, nip it in the bud, stop an issue before it becomes an issue. Talking about the problem and not around it is the key to conflict resolution. Another rule could be in a working environment never allowing personal feelings to take over. Do not let after the job activities become part of the team cohesive. A good way of looking at this is to be friendly at work but not to be friends. We are very social creatures and nothing can tear apart a business relationship like a personal one. This leads too many of the problems mentioned above like side barring, intimidation and non participation. The last rule is to hold the dynamic that works, if you have a winning routine, go with it. If there is a certain way to cure problems,Show MoreRelatedDispute Resolution Innovations1082 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will discuss innovative alternative dispute resolutions and how they may be used in a controversial conflict scenario. The writer will discuss these methods using an actual conflict scenario, describing how individuals involved in the conflict will benefit from these innovative methods rather than costly courtroom litigation. Alternative dispute resolutions are clearly the most beneficial conflict solution regardless of gender, cultural influence, and identity. Conflict Scenario TheRead MoreConflict Resolution By Stephen R. Covey898 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Resolution To win or not to win, that is the question†¦or is it? Stephen R. Covey suggests that it does not have to be a win-lose scenario. Covey subscribes to a win-win philosophy, â€Å"Win-win is a frame of mind and heart that constantly seeks mutual benefit in all human interactions† (Covey, n.d.). When it comes to parent-teacher conflicts, Covey’s â€Å"Win-win† approach is the best solution to deescalate frustrations and maintain positive relationships between the teacher, students, and parentsRead MoreTRIP Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pages TRIP Essay Conflict Resolution Who Do We Hire? Participants: John, Jim (the Director), Laura, Karl, Keith and Celeste Setting: Mental health center Situation: An opening for a full-time therapist has been created by one of the staff therapists quitting. Questions 1. 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Green Architecture Essay - 1451 Words

Green Architecture is a method to reduce the impact on our environment by using natural resources like energy, water, and the materials that are used in the structure recycled materials or the fixtures used in the home with energy saving features, as well as making a healthier environment. With high-efficiency windows and high value insulation in the walls and floors you’re your energy would take less too cool or heat up that area. Written by BOB BOB BOB May 2010 â€Å"The history of a green building goes back further than the 70’s in the middle of the industrial revolution that Henri Becquerel first witnessed the transformation of solar energy into electrical energy. 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If you were to do your laundry or the main energy usage on a sunny or windy day your going to have more energy to complete your entire task then you wouldn’t be using your back energy to complete them that is going require the most of your energy sources. Making a home with multi function energy sources gives a wide variety of endless energy with all of them combined it can easily give energy to a home. 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What are Agents of Socialization - 1413 Words

Socialization is a lifelong learning process essential for our development as human beings. Through socialization we acquire a sense of self as well as emotions. Socialization is an essential factor in shaping our behavior. Without socialization, people wouldnt be able to learn the language, symbols, values, and norms of the society their live in. They also wouldnt be able to find their place in society. Significant individuals and groups that have an impact on a persons socialization are referred to as agents of socialization. As life changes and individuals go through the various stages of life, their agents of socialization change as well. For example, the biggest influence on an infants life is their parents or guardians. Almost†¦show more content†¦While racism and prejudice were common in my family, my friends where raised by their families to be more open minded and appreciated diversity. Their views clashed with what I learned at home, however, I identified more with my peers views and made them my own. In fact, I felt more connected to my peers and their families than I did with my own family. My peer as well as the neighborhood I grew up in where essential agents of my socialization. For adults, the workplace tends to be an important agent of socialization. There they learn skills and a new perspective on the world. Work also becomes part of an individuals self-concept. When I first started working in the US, I was employed in retail. I chose this job in parts because of the socialization factor. I wanted to learn more about how Americans interact, and working in a retail environment seemed like a good place to do that. Working in a retail environment exposed me to a large group of people in a fairly short time. By watching my co-workers and through their input, I quickly learned to take on behaviors that are common in the US. 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We callRead MoreSocialisation After Adolescence Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Summary 1) Adult socialization is a time of learning new roles and statuses. 2) Peer Groups are strong socializing agents for adolescents who are still trying to find their own identity. 3) Radio, television, cinema, newspapers, magazines, music, and the Internet are powerful agents of socialization. 4) The state almost shapes our life cycle. 5) School plays a major role in socializing adolescents. It is a place of education where the individual learns to socialize with both authorityRead MoreImpact of School Socialization Institution Essay611 Words   |  3 PagesImpact of School Socialization Institution Socialization is the complex process by which individuals learn skills, attitudes, values, and patterns of behaviour that enable them to function within a particular culture. (Hukamdad, Shahzad , Ali, Qadeer, Ansia, 2011). According to Hukamdad et al, (2011) Socialization enables members of a society to interact with one another and so pass on skills, values, beliefs, knowledge, and modes of behavior pertaining to that society. The Websters II NewRead MoreAgents Of Socialisation : The Mass Media1120 Words   |  5 PagesAgents of Socialisation : The Mass Media In the present day, the media is incorporated into our daily lives. Every day, through newspapers, radio, television, email, the internet and social media, are we sucked into an electronic world, which changes many of our beliefs and values about how we live our lives. It plays such a large role in almost every person’s life compared to 50 years ago, when the internet did not exist. 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However, a society would not be able to define what is normal and right if there was no abnormal to compare it to. â€Å"Psychopaths andRead MoreEssay about Agents of Socialization1748 Words   |  7 Pages Agents of socialization in short are the people, groups, and social institutions, as well as the interactions within these groups that influence a person’s social and self-development. Agents of socialization are believed to provide the critical information needed for children to function successfully as a member of society. Some examples of such agents are family, neighborhood, schools, peers, religion, sports, the workplace, and especially the mass media. Each agent of socialization is linked

Principles of Management Emirates Airlines

Question: Discuss about thePrinciples of ManagementforEmirates Airlines. Answer: Introduction Management is an essential part of an organization in the United Arab Emirates. Management is the act of running and controlling Business activities to complete an activity effectively. Management is better understood through functions and roles models. The following chart shows the management functions and roles of management in Emirates Airlines (Marquis, 2016). The Functions Model This model involves the five functions of management namely, organizing, controlling, planning, staffing and coordinating. Planning function involves the establishment of strategies definition of purpose coordination and integration of activities of the airline company to ensure effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of services (Alfred, 2017). Organizing function constitutes of establishing the way forward for tasks, and division of work. This ensures that the organization cuts cost as well as avoid the duplication of duties in the airline company (Alfred, 2017). Coordination function relates to the influential aspect through motivation and harmonization of the staff. The manager engages the employees from time to time to motivate them and ensure that they are appreciated for their contribution to the organization. The controlling function is the function of evaluating and making adjustments of tasks. As the airline, industry competition increases in the world airline organizations in the Arab Emirates also are affected. This calls for the managers to make evaluations and adjustments to better position the company at a competitive edge (Alfred, 2017). Staffing function involves recruitment and aligning personal needs to those of the organization. This is done to get the right people for the job. A well-performing organization is defined by how well the employees in the organization are committed to the goals. Managers of Emirates airline engage in recruitment and alignment of employees personal needs to the success of the company (Alfred, 2017). The Roles Model Henry Mintzberg brought the model forward in the 1970s. The model puts management roles into three categories, which are, The interpersonal role, this involves ceremonial and symbolic duties, which are acting as the figurehead, liaison, and leader. Managers at Emirates airline are responsible and answerable to all activities taking place within the organization and its departments, they act as the agents of the organization in which activities are consulted through them (Management, 2017). The informational role that involves, monitoring, disseminating and being a spokesperson. All the information relating to the Emirates airline stops at the management level, the management then monitors and disseminates the information to identify the real issue in which they use to defend the organization or pass information as spokespersons (Management, 2017). Decisional roles include the roles of resource allocator, disturbance handler entrepreneur, and negotiator. The growth of the Emirates Airlines has been largely determined by the decisions made by the management. This ranges from resource allocation to negotiations and handling of conflicts within the organization to harmonize situations (Management, 2017). Chaos Theory In every organization, change is inevitable. Change causes chaos that is sometimes not manageable. As the organization continues to grow, so does the susceptibility of chaos. Therefore, more structure is required under this theory to manage change (Daft, 2016). Conclusion In conclusion, functions, and roles of management go hand in hand for successful management practice. The management at Emirates airline has already realized the two approaches hence the reason behind the growth of their organization. However, they require the chaos theory to manage the changes that come because of organization growth. References Alfred, w., 2017. Five Functions of Management Leading. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-functions-management-leading-56418.html [Accessed 21 April 2017]. Daft, R., 2016. Management. s.l.:s.n. Management, M. R. I. O. r. D. r. P. o. M. B., 2017. Business Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.zeepedia.com/read.php?managerial_roles_in_organizations_informational_roles Marquis, B. . H. C., 2016. Leadership roles and management functions in business. s.l.:s.n.

Customer Service Strategy free essay sample

In the year to February 2012, the airline had an annual operating loss of ? 80. 2Â  million on a turnover of ? 2,740Â  million. Our aim is to provide services to the Travellers and Customers that are accessible, flexible, welcoming and appropriate to our customers’ needs. Customer Care is central to all of the activities we undertake. A service has to be experienced, and will result in the customer feeling well or badly served. It is vital that each and every one of us fosters an environment that makes our customers comfortable and satisfied with the service they have received. This strategy sets out how we will achieve a customer focussed environment in each of the services we offer. Day to day communication, such as the image we project over the telephone, in letters and how we speak to our customers face to face, is critical to the way in which the Directorate is perceived and will affect the value placed on our services by the University community and visitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is one element in a range of standards which we must maintain in order to attract people to make use of our services and facilities, and continue to use them on a regular basis. Working to this strategy will help to ensure that we continue to meet the needs of our customers and support the delivery of our key strategic objectives. We can do to give our organisations a great reputation for service excellence. Over the next months we will then look at each one in detail to support the actions you are taking in your organisation to excel in this vital area. 1. 1. Traditionally, when we think about customer service, we tend to consider staff serving customers over a counter or communicating by telephone. However, we need to remember that customer service is provided by the Directorate across the University and in a multitude of areas and disciplines. 1. 2. Good customer care is about: 1. 2. 1. Meeting our customers’ needs; 1. 2. 2. Knowing how to deal effectively with our customers in all circumstances; 1. 2. 3. Building good working relationships with our colleagues; 1. 2. 4. Managing communication, expectation and perception; 1. 2. 5. Securing a competitive edge in recruitment and retention. Standards Customer service and commitment to our passengers has been the driving force behind our brand. We strive to get it right, first time, every time. Occasionally things do not go as planned. We believe that you have the right to know what level of service you can expect from us all the time, even in those rare moments when we fall short of the very high standards we have set ourselves. 1. Uniform Our crew members look every bit the part as they’re groomed to perfection on the cover shoot for our in-house magazine, Runway. With fitted red suits and stylish silk neck ties, the Virgin Atlantic cabin crews have always stood out from the crowd. But it doesn’t take a fashion shoot to get them looking this sharp. From one runway to another our ladies in red wear the Virgin uniform with the same passion and pride that inspired its design. But you could probably tell that from the sparkle in their eyes 2. Logo This is the company logo displayed on the name badge of Crew Members. The reason staff wear a white shirt is so that the red stands out and therefore grabs people’s attention. Because the company is well known, it is easily identified as being a part of our company. 3. Training We are incredibly proud of the exceptional service we provide to our customers. Our people are at the heart of our success and our superb training is second only to our ability to attract fantastic people to the airline. As a regulated business were also used to training people to the highest standard and in 2005 we became the first airline to be accredited by the Chartered Management Institute to provide our own Diploma and Certificate qualifications. 4. Greeting Everyone we deal with, and everyone that our colleagues and partners deal with on our behalf, are our customers and will be shown the same consistent level of professionalism, respect and understanding, no matter where, when or how we interact with them. Our staff like Cabin Crew our the executives at check in desk or on call customer service agents should Greet the customers so customers feel good and feel comfortable to interact with you. 5. Measurements of Standards ‘How well are we doing? ’ should be a question that employees dont have to ask. Customer service standards and the current performance against those standards should be communicated to all employees on a timely basis. Each service standard must have a management owner, who is accountable for the delivery of the service. Performance against standard will normally be a feature of that individuals annual review. The management owner will also have the authority to implement process and other changes to improve operational performance. But there is no copyright on ideas, so all colleagues should be encouraged to make suggestions for performance improvement. Complaints/comments System 1. Importance of complaints and comments

AP Lit and Comp Lit Essay Sample Question

AP Lit and Comp Lit Essay Sample QuestionThe AP Lit and Comp Lit sample question is a great way to see if you have the required skills and talents to answer the question correctly. There are certain questions that look almost identical to ones that are written in the exact same way as you could argue but the chances are you can't write them so there is really no point in going through all that trouble.The idea behind AP Lit and Comp Lit is to see how well you can prepare yourself for the exam and get a feel for what questions will be asked. The Comp Lit exam can range anywhere from nine months to two years but for the purposes of this article we will stick with six months. This is plenty of time to get ready and answer the question correctly.For those of you that are taking the placement test, congratulations. You are one of the lucky few that are prepared to take on the best that the UK has to offer. The idea is that by having experience behind you, you are able to cover everything from the basics to the most complex subjects. Although you will not be writing your own essay and that means you will have to rely on the help of others, this is the best possible way for you to learn and improve your writing skills.The types of essay that you can expect on the AP Lit and Comp Lit exams include essays on grammar, composition, history, geography, English and other subjects that can be found in your school or college. This will work out to an easy exam for you because your teacher will know exactly what they need and have already prepared several sample essays for you to do on the day.As long as you have done the work necessary to pass the exam, you will have nothing to worry about. This means that you don't have to worry about anything except that you get to study hard and really understand the concept behind the exam. You also get to help yourself by reading a lot and being prepared and that is important when you know you have a whole bunch of topics that will help you when it comes to the test.It is recommended that you visit your local college or a nearby university and speak to someone who knows about these tests. They may have the materials that you need to prepare for the exam and this will make life much easier for you.It is also recommended that you don't start writing the essay until you have started taking the class. It is important to remember that when you go to take this test, you will be coming in with more than just your essay to think about. So, it is wise to start taking the courses you need to succeed in the exam as soon as possible.Before you start writing your essay, try to write a short summary of what you plan to cover on the placement test. Remember that you are writing for the exam so don't read everything you can. But, give it your best shot and the last thing you want to do is end up with a not quite as good essay as you would have if you had just taken the classes sooner.

Freedom Essay Example

Freedom Essay Freedom is a privilege that many of us easily take for granted sometimes.   We subconsciously do it, because its so easy to forget that its not a right, but a privilege.   The freedom to live how we want, dress how we want, do what we want, and especially say what we want, all within reasonable limits, of course.   The reason why freedom is a privilege and not a right is because it could easily be taken away from us one day, for one reason or another, and also because everyone in this world does not have the ability to be as free as others do.   The media field is one where freedom is especially precious.   Throughout the world, many members of the press have the ability to cover most of what they want, with minimal boundaries preventing their duties.   However, in many countries around the world, members of the press find themselves under constraints that limit the things that they are allowed to say, due to threats and influences from political leaders in those countrie s.   In the countries of the former Soviet Union, there are many cases where the media constantly has the eye of the government on them. Until 1985, the countries of the Soviet Union were anything but free and open under the strict rule of the Communist-led government.   The Communist revolution had initially been one that was supposedly for the benefit of the people and their freedoms, but through the eras of Lenin, Stalin, and and on up to Chemenko, that must have been lost somewhere in the middle of trying to assume complete control of the republics many peoples.   That meant controlling what they knew and what they found out about the state of the country, the political goings-on, their history, and the people around them.   And, if that meant brainwashing, hiding facts, twisting truths, and all-out lying to the people, then that is what had to be, and what was, done, for a long, long time. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer That is, until Mikhail Gorbachev came along.   Gorbachev advocated a policy of freeness and openness, that put the country in a new, unfamiliar position.   It was one that benefited the people and gave them the opportunity to be not live under such a shroud of cautiousness, and it also gave the media a new freeness in reporting things that, at one time, would have either been almost off-limits to them, or grounds for serious trouble.   This openness, known as Glasnost, was one of the main factors in the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union.   The freedoms that the people and the media had been given were the catalyst that was needed to make a push for independence and change in many of the Soviet republics.   Once the itch for independence had began, it spread like wildfire, and there was little that the political leaders could do about it, because, due to all that the media were now allowed to say, a lot of the Communist transgressions of the past and present were reveale d, much to the shock of the mass of citizens. The Soviet Unions collapse became complete in the early 1990s, and in the mother country, changes were quickly made in the freedom of the media.   Under Boris Yeltsin, the freeness that had begun under Gorbachev continued.   Considering some of the strange things that occurred with Yeltsin, that may not have been a good thing for the leader.   But, any changes for the better in Russia have been gradually pushed out since Vladimir Putin became the countrys leader, succeeding Yeltsin at the end of 1999, who had named the former KGB agent his appointed successor.   Putin immediately restored the governments hold on the people, bringing it back to pre-Glasnost days.   In the first year of Putins tenure, media censorship was tightened, and several media organizations were brought under great governmental scrutiny, raided, shut down, and restructured so that the government could have the proper influence over what could be reported.   But, even beyond those already extreme meas ures, many journalists personally felt the wrath of the new regime   A countless number of media members were threatened, but in a number of cases, the threats manifested themselves into acts, and several Russian media members were kidnapped or brutally attacked, and there were a reported several murders of Russian journalists as a result of reporting on controversial issues.   The resumption of an earlier conflict with breakaway republic Chechnya fueled a number of these incidents, as Russian leaders were intent on painting the Chechens as the instigators of the conflict, and also hiding much of the bloodshed that occurred the during the conflict. Since then, Russian media has gradually lost more and more of its freedom, and as it stands today, is as free as it was before Gorbachev.   The treatment of the media in the country is not looked favorably upon by organizations that monitor press freedom.   The country consistently ranks in the lowest portion of the press freedom rankings issued by the organization Reporters Without Borders, and its dwindling support of freedom of the press has also received it a Not Free status from Freedom House.   The long-running conflict with Chechnya has had a great influence on the overall presence of the media, because it not only has created limitations with what the media can say about that conflict specifically, but about many other issues that might be viewed controversial or open up criticisms to the government.   In 2003, the nations last independent national television broadcaster, NTV, was shut down, and the moves to control the media havent stopped there.   Many who have be en responsible for being critical or supposedly slandering the government and officials have been either slapped with ludicrous fines or lawsuits, or sent to prison for their work, such as journalist German Galkin, who was sentenced to a year of prison in 2003 to silence him for speaking of indiscretions by regional government officials. When you think of the Soviet Union, Russia is the first country that comes to mind, but in many of the former Soviet republics, the media is under the same pressure, and in some of the countries, even a little more, than in the former mother country.   The political leader of the central Asian country of Turkmenistan, Sapamurat Niyazov, has as firm of a grip on the media as he does on the people of his country.   The dictator, who has been in power for more than three decades, and is the self-annointed President for Life and the Turkmenbashi, has the final say in what goes on the front pages   of the countrys major newspapers.   His control on the broadcast media is just as tight.   At the beginning of every news broadcast, broadcasters start with a pledge that their tongues will shrivel if they ever slander the country, the flag, or Niyazov, and thusly, all that is said is nothing but praise for the leader and the country.   Unfortunately, problems like poverty, AIDS, an d prostitution are covered up.   Niyazov also ensures hes never far from his peoples memories, as his picture is constantly shown on the bottom of the screen on the state television networks.   In the most recent Reporters Without Borders rankings, Turkmenistan is ranked 167th.   That distinction is made all the more dubious by the fact that the ranking lists 168 countries.   Turkmenistan is also ranked third in a list of the ten most censored countries in the world, compiled by the Committee to Protect Journalists. The situation is much the same in other former Soviet republics.   In Uzbekistan, journalists have to walk a fine, fine line, and if they dare, can release stories that are critical of leader Islam Karimov and the government, but theres a price to be paid for it.   Uzbekistan also has the most reported imprisoned journalists of any of the former Soviet republics, with six behind bars at the end of last year.   And those who are free are subjected to great political intimidation that limits what they can say.   And, any freedom that media did have was undone by the Andijan massacre in May 2005, when many anti-government protesters were murdered.   In the aftermath of the bloodshed, all foreign press were either kicked out of the country or forced to flee, because of the factual eyewitness reports they filed that were contradictory to what the government had put out. Belarus is another former Soviet republic that has the media on a short leash.   During the 2004 elections, more than two dozen journalists were imprisoned.   The leader who was conspicuously re-elected as a result of those elections, Aleksandr Lukashenko, goes to great lengths to ensure that a favorable shadow is cast upon him by the various media outlets.   Most of the main media outlets are owned by the government, so there is little room and even less tolerance for any independent news media.   Lukashenko has had many independent news outlets shut down, and he does a lot to prevent the release of most critical articles and stories, by going through print houses and the post offices.   So, for the few independent news agencies, there is little real independence.   And, if any journalists and reporters dare defy the wishes of Lukashenko, they could face punishment of up to five years in prison for their critical statements. To get a better picture of how difficult it is for media members to work in the former Soviet Union, those two aforementioned lists and also lists compiled by another media freedom organization, Freedom House, provide a lot of telling statistics.   Turkmenistan (#3), Uzbekistan (#8), and Belarus (#10) are all in that CPJ list of most censored countries, and all three are ranked lower than 150th in the Reporters Without Borders rankings.   The media Baltic states such as Lithuania and Latvia rate in the Free category as per Freedom Houses list of free, partly free, and not free nations, but those are exceptions.   Nine former Soviet republics, along with Russia, make up the Not Free category. Conditions are poor for the media in Turkmenistan and other former Soviet satellites, but there is only one country in the world that officially tops all of those countries, and that is North Korea.   North Korea has been very last in each of Reporters Without Borders press freedom rankings, which the organization has released since 2002.   If the North Korean leaders arent proud enough about those honors, then theres also the distinction of being at the top of the list in that CPJ ranking of the worlds ten most censored countries.   All news media outlets in the country are under strict government control.   The countrys citizens are unable to hear the truth about the poor state of the country and the transgressions of the corrupt government, including widespread famine and poverty that has much to do with the government more for itself, like build nuclear weapons, than it does for the sake of its peoples welfare.   Instead, news focuses on leader Kim Jong-il, building him up to be as much of an icon as his father, former and late leader, Kim Il-sung.   Few foreign media members are allowed into the country, and those who do are closely monitored by government-appointed watchers to make sure they dont say or see anything that they shouldnt.   Televisions and radios are permanently on state-run channels, and any print publications are subject to the same methods of approval as publications in Turkmenistan. The April 2004 explosion of a train in Ryongchon serves as a perfect example of how much of a hold that the government has over the media.   After the explosion, the official state news agency, the Korean Central News Agency, instead of talking about the casualties of the explosion, talked about how people reportedly ran into burning buildings to save portraits of the countrys leader before doing things like gathering up valuable possessions or ensuring the safety of what was most important, themselves and their loved ones.   Also, North Korea took two days to admit that an explosion had indeed occurred, and even so, when the accident was admitted, the scale of it was toned down.   North Koreas insufficient supply of information caused a delay in the delivery of proper aid to the victims, and it also went a long way to show just how little care the government has for its citizens. The North Korean government takes great measures to make sure that journalists say what they are supposed to say, and nothing more.   Steps are taken to revolutionize journalists, educating them on the necessity of getting every bit of information correct, on down to the proper spellings of officials names.   Many North Korean journalists have been sent to concentration camps, which should no longer exist, but are home to over 200,000 North Korean citizens.   One North Korean journalist was forced to work on a pig farm for six months for leaving off the last syllable of Kim Jong-ils name.   Journalists have to take part in courses that span long hours, for the purpose of learning everything about the leaders speeches, his achievements, and his party, to train their minds as to what theyre supposed to focus their reporting on.   Journalists, like the one who made a mistake on Kims name, face a series of punishments, from going through a period of interrogation and self-criti cism in front of a committee, and then being sent to the revolutionization camps for a period of time until they have their minds in order again.   In the past couple of decades, several journalists and important media members have either been removed, mysteriously disappeared, or fled the country as a result of their not keeping in line with the leaders wishes. For many of us who live in freer countries and regions, like the U.K., or the United States, or most of Europe, it would seem hard to believe how the inability to speak freely is as widespread as it is in this current day, but such is the case.   And, it might be even harder to believe that, in some of these countries, journalists often enough have to pay the ultimate price for giving out the truth and speaking their mind.   Just two months ago, in Russia, prominent, and highly controversial, journalist Anna Politkovskaya was shot and killed in her apartment complex.   Politkovskaya had been a harsh critic of the Russian government, and she had also been one of the leading journalists involved in reporting the events in Chechnya for the past several years.   She had been kidnapped and poisoned before, and had also often been the subject of death threats.   Murder is the ultimate and most extreme measure, and while it doesnt often happen, it happens more often than it should .   Politskovskaya is not the only Russian journalist who has fallen victim in the past several years.   Over a dozen Russian journalists have been savagely and unnecessarily murdered since the beginning of Putins tenure, and many, many more have been brutally attacked.   Violence towards journalists is not limited to Russia, either.   Just this year, Turkmen journalist Ogulsapar Muradova was tortured and killed while in prison.   Elsewhere, the abduction and heinous murder of Ukrainian journalist Heorhiy Gongadze in 2000 is still fresh in the minds of his colleagues throughout the world.   Gongadze was a well-known Internet reporter who ran a site that spoke out against supposed corruption by the government, and his killing was reportedly ordered by the then-president, Leonid Kuchima.   Statistically, Ukraine has been one of the worlds most dangerous places to be a journalist, with more than 20 journalists being murdered since Soviet independence was achieved. So, is the situation in these affected countries likely to change anytime within the near future? Organizations like Reporters Without Borders and CPJ work tirelessly to promote journalistic freedom throughout the world, and in countries where freedom of the press is limited, influential political leaders around the world and even international organizations like the United Nations often get involved in trying to press the issue to the leaders of those countries.   However, unless the leaders of these countries have a sudden change of heart, or the people who replace them dont follow their predecessors agendas, or by chance, theres a coup of the current governments, there would seem to be little hope for change, at least in the short term. Words speak far louder than actions do, because words can often incite people to act.   History shows that hitting the right chord with people and telling them the right things, may it be truth or lie, goes a long way in determining political success.   The leaders of those countries know that, as long as theyre telling people the right things, and keeping from them what they dont need to know, then their spot in office is solidified.   The case of the former Soviet Union shows just how big of an effect freeness and openness has on instigating a revolution of some sort.   There has, however, been progress, albeit mixed.   Ukraine has seen improvements in the governmental treatment of the media under new leader Viktor Yushchenko, as the number of media members who are harassed and physically attacked have greatly declined in the past couple of years, and meddling in what the media reports has also seen a decline.   Also, Yushchenko pushed to solve the Gongadze murder, and his killers were found in 2005.   Still though, that progress has not come without incident, because even one attack or murder of a journalist is too much, and those have not yet completely stopped in the country.   But, if Ukraine can make some slow progress in the right direction, progress can be made elsewhere.   Its all a matter of effort. Unfortunately, the prognosis for progression in North Korea seems extremely grim, barring some sort of miracle.   A couple of foreign media outlets have tried to make their way into the radio frequencies of the countrys citizens, with some success.   Those with radios must register them with the police, and have them preset to government frequencies.   But, those who want to get access to those foreign stations can purchase another radio and try to listen to those stations, such as FreeNK, which broadcasts an hour of government-critical programs each day.   However, those who dare to subvert the leader and listen face the risk of imprisonment, and those media outlets and any other, domestic or foreign, are looked down upon by the North Korean government as enemies.   Because of Kims lack of desire for his people to have any sort of actual freedom or rights, only those that are allowed by him, it does not seem likely that the censorship and control of the media will change, at least while Kim is alive and in power. It would be nice to think that, at some point, freedom of speech and press could not be limited to only a certain number of countries, but instead expanded to fit the entire world.   Organizations can do everything within their means for the sake of freedom, but in the end, its up to the leaders in those countries to decide what they want said, who they want to say it, and how they want it said, even if that means going against laws that allow freedom of the press, as in Russias case.  Ã‚   Fortunately, there are people like Anna Politkovskaya and so many other journalists throughout the world who stand up for the voices of freedom and for the masses of unrepresented and oppressed people.   Sadly, people like her end up paying with their lives sometimes, or their freedom.   The fact that people would sacrifice their lives for the sake of the truth and expression shows just how valuable freedom of speech is.   The efforts of those people should be praised, and their work exa lted, not halted.   And those who are martyrs for the truth and for freedom are one of many reasons why we should never, ever take our freedom for granted, no matter how easy it might be to do so. Freedom Essay Example Freedom Essay During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries there were several different groups fighting for their freedom. These groups are the founding fathers of America, women, and black slaves. They each had written documents that officially gave them their freedom, but two of these groups needed a war to get them there. As you will see, they each took their own unique path to freedom. First of all, there are the Founding Fathers of America who gained their freedom by breaking with England who was in control over them. This was done through their Declaration of Independence and ultimately through the revolutionary war. In the Declaration of Independence, the founding fathers declared We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.Unfortunately, the Declaration of Independence did not extend human rights to all human beings. The first US Constitution preserved the institution of slavery and did not recognize the equal rights of women. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Secondly there are black slaves, whose freedom was gained through the white people in the north gaining them their freedom through the civil war.This was perhaps the most outstanding violations of human rights by the US. Slaves first arrived in America in 1619, but by the end of the century, the number of slaves had increased dramatically. Throughout this time, there were a number of prominent statesmen that opposed slavery, including George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. Many Christian churches opposed it as well. The Quakers actively protested against it, the Presbyterian Church made several formal declarations against it, and the Methodist Church opposed it as an evil institution. Abraham Lincoln also opposed slavery. freedom Essay Example freedom Paper Many times throughout history, specific events occur that explain why the existence of Native Americans are necessary for the Spanish and English colonists to survive. The Native Americans were like parents to the Spanish and English colonists. As a newborn baby is introduced to the new world, alike, the Spanish and English were introduced to a New World in which the Natives were already a part of. Their inhabitance of the land dates back to many thousands of years ago where they inhabited all regions of the Americas. When the Europeans arrived the Natives gave the colonists knowledge about the land. At times the Natives cared for them and supplied them with food and various other things. They also provided work for the colonists whether the Natives were slaves, servants or allied forces. Economically, the Natives were needed very much for anything the colonists would export to Europe. Throughout history, the colonists dependency on the Natives was clearly shown and the how the colon ists exploited the Natives in every possible way was also clear. What the colonists needed most from the Natives was their knowledge of the land. Because the Natives lived in the Americas for thousands of years, they are familiar with the area and they know how to work with it. For example, when Cortez landed on the Mexican shores on 1519, he used the Aztecs for their gold. When he found out where the Aztecs were getting their gold from, he simply destroyed them after he used them for their knowledge. Spanish colonists also had to learn a lot from the Pima, Pueblo and Papagos to be able to continue their farming in the very dry Southwest. Another tribes knowledge the colonists needed for survival was the Hohokam. The Hohokam built and maintained thefirst irrigation system in America, channeling river water many miles to desert fields of maize, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. The Hohokams knowledge of the